Do I need permission if the material I am using has been modified or adapted?

Permission is required if the usage you are seeking does not fall into the parameters defined under fair use.

• If you need to modify the item for your research, do not represent it as the original item, scale or instrument. When an item is modified, the meaning and validity of the item may change. Be clear that the item is based on the original instrument but the results cannot represent results as if the original instrument were administered. In other words, never change items and/or scales and refer to it as the same item/scale.

• Minor adaptations to text/figures/tables are authorized on the condition that such adaptations are true to the meaning and purpose of the original text/figures/tables, and subject further to the applicable terms and conditions of the republication licensing agreement.